GASTRIC NEOPLASMS: AN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS IN BRAZIL BETWEEN 2020 AND 2024

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze the epidemiological profile of malignant gastric neoplasia in Brazil, between 2020 and 2024, considering variables such as age group, sex, race/color, number of hospitalizations, and deaths. The analysis sought to identify regional and demographic patterns of the disease in order to support public health strategies aimed at prevention, early diagnosis, and appropriate treatment. The methodology consisted of a descriptive study with a quantitative approach, with data extracted from the Department of Information Technology of the Unified Health System (DATASUS). The results indicated a higher prevalence of cases in the Southeast and South regions, especially among individuals over 50 years of age, males, and self-declared white or brown. The number of hospitalizations and deaths was significant, with annual variations that point to possible fluctuations in the capacity to diagnose and treat the disease throughout the analyzed period. The discussion showed that the regional distribution of cancer may be related not only to the actual incidence of the disease, but also to factors such as inequality in access to health services and regional structural differences. Furthermore, aspects such as population aging, lifestyle habits and social determinants of health were highlighted as relevant influences on the occurrence and outcomes of the disease. It is concluded that gastric cancer remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality in Brazil. The analysis reinforces the need for public policies that promote early diagnosis, timely treatment and the reduction of regional inequalities in access to oncological care. It is also suggested that future studies be developed that integrate clinical, social and territorial variables for a more comprehensive understanding of the problem.